OPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS OF OBESITY TREATMENT WITH GLP-1 RECEPTOR AGONISTS

Introduction Obesity constitutes a chronic, relapsing disease characterized by a complex pathophysiology and significant cardiometabolic consequences. Despite sustained emphasis on lifestyle interventions, long-term weight reduction remains inadequate in the majority of patients. Advances in the understanding of the incretin system have led to an expansion of therapeutic options to include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, which exert their effects through both central and peripheral mechanisms regulating energy homeostasis. Objective The aim of this article is to provide a systematic evaluation of the mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, safety profile, and limitations associated with the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of obesity, within the context of current therapeutic guidelines. Methods This study is designed as a narrative review of the literature, with a focus on randomized controlled trials, metaanalyses, and recommendations issued by professional societies over the past decade. Results GLP-1 receptor agonists have been shown to induce statistically significant reductions in body weight compared with placebo, with mean weight loss ranging from approximately 8% to 15%, depending on the specific agent and dosing regimen. In addition to weight reduction, the treatment is associated with improvements in the glycemic control, lipid parameters, and blood pressure. Certain agents have also demonstrated favourable effects on the cardiovascular outcomes. However, the therapy is commonly associated with gastrointestinal adverse events. Key limitations include limited economic accessibility, the necessity for long-term administration, and a propensity for weight regain following the treatment discontinuation. Conclusion GLP-1 receptor agonists represent a significant advancement in the pharmacological management of obesity and reflect the contemporary understanding of obesity as a biologically mediated chronic disease. Notwithstanding their demonstrated efficacy, their use necessitates careful, individualized assessment of the benefit–risk profile and should be integrated into a comprehensive, long-term management strategy.

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Authors

Katarína Babíková

Published

Jun 1, 2026

Journal or venue

Ateroskleróza

DOI

10.33542/ate2026-12-6

Paper type

journal article

Source

Crossref