Usability of a Patch-Type Ultrasound System for Non-Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring: A Simulation Study in Anesthesiologists

Soyeon Noh; Hyungmin Kim; Hyeonkyeong Choi; Wonseuk Jang · 2026 · Healthcare

Paper

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring technologies are being developed to support clinical decisions while reducing risks from invasive procedures. Usability evaluation is essential to assess safety and effectiveness before commercial release. This study examined the usability of a novel patch-type ultrasound-based system (CW10) designed for continuous monitoring in perioperative settings. Methods: A summative evaluation was conducted following IEC 62366-1 with 15 anesthesiologists. Potential hazards were identified via the FDA MAUDE database (Code: DQK) to inform test scenarios. Participants were stratified by clinical experience (1– 0.05). The mean SUS score was 78.5, corresponding to a “Good” usability level. While some use errors occurred in tasks like probe orientation, root cause analysis suggested these were likely due to negative transfer from prior device experience rather than interface complexity. Conclusions: The results suggest the system demonstrates acceptable usability and consistent operation across experience levels. Integrated automated features and the patch design may contribute to reducing inter-user variability for continuous monitoring. This study provides usability evidence that may inform the development of similar non-invasive technologies.

Analysis

Paper intelligence

Summary

This simulation study evaluated the usability of a novel patch-type ultrasound system for non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring in anesthesiologists, finding it to have good usability with potential to reduce inter-user variability.

Key findings

The mean System Usability Scale (SUS) score was 78.5, indicating 'Good' usability.
High task completion rates (98.7%) were observed for most tasks.
Use errors were infrequent and primarily related to probe orientation, with root cause analysis suggesting negative transfer.
No statistically significant differences in usability or performance were found across experience levels.

Methods

Summative usability evaluation following IEC 62366-1.
Hazard identification using FDA MAUDE database (Code: DQK).
Testing with 15 anesthesiologists stratified by clinical experience.
Usability metrics included SUS, task completion rates, and error analysis.

Limitations

Simulation environment may not fully replicate real-world clinical scenarios.
Potential for negative transfer from prior device experience influencing use errors.
Limited sample size of 15 participants.

Applications

Non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring in perioperative settings.
Development of similar non-invasive monitoring technologies.

Confidence95%

Discovery

Publication metadata

Authors: Soyeon Noh; Hyungmin Kim; Hyeonkyeong Choi; Wonseuk Jang
Published: Apr 7, 2026
Journal or venue: Healthcare
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare14070971
Paper type: journal article
Source: Crossref

DOI