Classical superficial siderosis: a rare neuropsychiatric disorder.

Summary

This paper reports a rare case of classical superficial siderosis (SS) presenting with early cognitive decline alongside typical symptoms of sensorineural hearing loss, ataxia, and myelopathy.

Key findings

• Superficial siderosis is a rare, progressive neurological disorder.
• Common symptoms include sensorineural hearing loss, ataxia, and myelopathy.
• The case presented with early cognitive manifestations including episodic memory decline, executive dysfunction, and visuospatial difficulties.
• Treatment with amantadine, deferiprone, vitamin E, and donepezil showed modest improvement in ataxia and falls.

Methods

• Case report presentation.
• Clinical evaluation of patient symptoms.
• Initiation of pharmacological treatment.

Limitations

• This is a single case report, limiting generalizability.
• The study focuses on a rare variant of the disorder.
• The long-term efficacy of the treatment is not established.

Applications

• Informing diagnosis of rare neuropsychiatric disorders.
• Guiding potential treatment strategies for superficial siderosis.
• Highlighting the importance of considering cognitive decline in SS.