Solid-state lithium batteries: Safety and prospects

Paper

Abstract

Solid-state lithium batteries are flourishing due to their excellent potential energy density. Substantial efforts have been made to improve their electrochemical performance by increasing the conductivity of solid-state electrolytes (SEs) and designing a compatible battery configuration. The safety of a solid lithium battery has generally been taken for granted due to the nonflammability and strength of SEs. However, recent results have shown the release of dangerous gases and intense heat due to the formation of lithium dendrites, indicating the safety of solid-state lithium batteries may have been overestimated. In this review, we introduce a safety evaluation methodology, then focus on the garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) and sulfide-based SEs, summarizing their structure, conductivity, compatibility with a lithium metal anode, electrochemical/chemical stability, and mechanical/thermal stability, which correlate closely with battery safety. We also evaluate the safety of all-solid-state lithium batteries, then conclude by discussing future avenues for improving the safety of SE-based batteries.

Analysis

Paper intelligence

Summary

This review examines the safety and prospects of solid-state lithium batteries, highlighting that their safety may be overestimated due to lithium dendrite formation.

Key findings

Solid-state batteries offer high potential energy density.
Lithium dendrite formation can lead to dangerous gas release and heat.
Garnet (LLZO) and sulfide-based solid electrolytes are key areas of focus.
Electrolyte properties (conductivity, stability) are crucial for battery safety.

Methods

Review of existing literature on solid-state lithium batteries.
Introduction of a safety evaluation methodology.
Focus on garnet (LLZO) and sulfide-based solid electrolytes.

Limitations

The review focuses on specific types of solid electrolytes (LLZO and sulfides).
Potential safety issues related to lithium dendrites are highlighted as a concern.

Applications

Electric vehicles
Grid storage
Portable electronics

Confidence100%

Discovery

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Source record

Publication metadata

Authors: Yong Guo; Shichao Wu; Yan‐Bing He; Feiyu Kang; Liquan Chen; Hong Li; Quan‐Hong Yang
Published: Mar 1, 2022
Journal or venue: eScience
DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2022.02.008
Paper type: journal article
Source: Openalex

DOI OpenAlex