Dark Matter Interpretations of the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess with 18 Years of Fermi-LAT Data and the FL16Y Source Catalog

We investigate dark matter (DM) interpretations of the Galactic Center Excess (GCE) using 17.7 years of Fermi-LAT data and the FL16Y source catalog. We test 80 Galactic diffuse-emission models and include correlated systematic uncertainties from Galactic-plane control regions. We derive combined 95\% CL annihilation limits from 30 dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs), including $J$-factor uncertainties, and compare the GCE-preferred regions with these limits and AMS-02 antiproton bounds. For self-conjugate DM, we study two-body annihilation, effective $4b$, $4τ$, and $2b2τ$ channels, and cascades through on-shell scalar mediators. For Model X, the best-fitting diffuse-emission model in our template analysis including a DM component, the dSph limits exclude the 68\% CL GCE regions for $b\bar b$, $c\bar c$, light quarks, gluons, and effective $4b$ and $2b2τ$. Parts of the $τ^+τ^-$ and effective $4τ$ regions remain compatible, although their best-fit points exceed these limits. Heavy two-body final states are less constrained but fit the GCE less well. Mediator masses affect both the preferred regions and the constraints. Part of the 68\% CL $4b$ cascade region remains below the dSph limits for $r=m_{\rm mediator}/m_{\rm DM}\lesssim0.4$. Among the four-body benchmarks, $4τ$ retains a comparatively large preferred region compatible with dSph and antiproton bounds. With the adopted BIG propagation model, antiproton bounds are generally weaker but constrain part of the $4b$ cascade region. Finally, we examine a secluded singlet fermionic DM benchmark with a predominantly four-bottom cascade.

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Authors

Sang Hwan Kim; Hae Barg Kang; Seodong Shin

Published

Oct 19, 2026

Paper type

preprint

Source

Arxiv