Tim Van Hoolst; G. Tobie; C. Vallat; N. Altobelli; Lorenzo Bruzzone; Hao Cao; Dominic Dirkx; Antonio Genova; Hauke Hußmann; L. Iess; Jun Kimura; K. K. Khurana; Alice Lucchetti; Giuseppe Mitri; W. B. Moore; Joachim Saur; Alexander Stark; Audrey Vorburger; M. A. Wieczorek; Alessio Aboudan; Jan Bergman; Francesca Bovolo; D. Breuer; Paolo Cappuccio; Leonardo Carrer; Baptiste Cecconi; G. Choblet; Fabrizio De Marchi; Marie Fayolle; A. Fienga; Yoshifumi Futaana; Ernst Hauber; W. Kofman; Atsushi Kumamoto; V. Lainey; Philippa Molyneux; O. Mousis; J. Plaut; W. Puccio; K. D. Retherford; Lorenz Roth; Benoît Seignovert; Gregor Steinbrügge; Sanchari Thakur; Paolo Tortora; F. Tosi; Marco Zannoni; S. Barabash; M. K. Dougherty; G. R. Gladstone; Leonid Gurvits; P. Hartogh; P. Palumbo; F. Poulet; Jan‐Erik Wahlund; Olivier Grasset; Olivier Witasse · 2024 · Space Science Reviews
Paper
Abstract The JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) of ESA was launched on 14 April 2023 and will arrive at Jupiter and its moons in July 2031. In this review article, we describe how JUICE will investigate the interior of the three icy Galilean moons, Ganymede, Callisto and Europa, during its Jupiter orbital tour and the final orbital phase around Ganymede. Detailed geophysical observations about the interior of the moons can only be performed from close distances to the moons, and best estimates of signatures of the interior, such as an induced magnetic field, tides and rotation variations, and radar reflections, will be obtained during flybys of the moons with altitudes of about 1000 km or less and during the Ganymede orbital phase at an average altitude of 490 km. The 9-month long orbital phase around Ganymede, the first of its kind around another moon than our Moon, will allow an unprecedented and detailed insight into the moon’s interior, from the central regions where a magnetic field is generated to the internal ocean and outer ice shell. Multiple flybys of Callisto will clarify the differences in evolution compared to Ganymede and will provide key constraints on the origin and evolution of the Jupiter system. JUICE will visit Europa only during two close flybys and the geophysical investigations will focus on selected areas of the ice shell. A prime goal of JUICE is the characterisation of the ice shell and ocean of the Galilean moons, and we here specifically emphasise the synergistic aspects of the different geophysical investigations, showing how different instruments will work together to probe the hydrosphere. We also describe how synergies between JUICE instruments will contribute to the assessment of the deep interior of the moons, their internal differentiation, dynamics and evolution. In situ measurements and remote sensing observations will support the geophysical instruments to achieve these goals, but will also, together with subsurface radar sounding, provide information about tectonics, potential plumes, and the composition of the surface, which will help understanding the composition of the interior, the structure of the ice shell, and exchange processes between ocean, ice and surface. Accurate tracking of the JUICE spacecraft all along the mission will strongly improve our knowledge of the changing orbital motions of the moons and will provide additional insight into the dissipative processes in the Jupiter system. Finally, we present an overview of how the geophysical investigations will be performed and describe the operational synergies and challenges.
Analysis
This review details how ESA's JUICE mission will use geophysical observations to investigate the interiors of Jupiter's icy moons, Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa, providing insights into their habitability and evolution.
Discovery
Nancy Y. Kiang; Christopher Gisriel; Robert E. Blankenship; Mary N. Parenteau; Hazel A. Barton; Oded Béjà; Anthony J. Burnetti; Ligia F. Coelho; Saleheh Ebadirad; Nathan M. Ennist; Yuka Fujii; Colin Gates; R. J. Graham; Keiichi Inoue; Betül Kaçar; Yu Komatsu; Émilie A. Laflèche; Nicoletta La Rocca; Elisabetta Liistro; Jonathan Lindsey; Timothy Lyons; Carolina A. Martinez-Gutierrez; Taro Matsuo; Victoria Meadows; Gary F. Moore; Massimo Olivucci; Kevin E. Redding; Edward W. Schwieterman; Tejinder Singh; Kenji Takizawa; Anna Grace Ulses; Junko Yano; Felisa Wolfe-Simon; Michael L. Wong; Anastasia G. Yanchilina
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Saggio D; Phung CL; Bravo M; Corcoran TC; Snyder JC; Stieber SCE
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