Huang J; Wang Q; Yao Z; Wang Q; Ji Y; Yang M; Wang M; Shao S; Zhao X; Zhang F; Liang T; Hu Q · 2026 · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
Paper
Cancer vaccines have demonstrated initial effectiveness in the treatment of human cancers, still the low mutational burden, which leads to a deficiency of well-characterized antigens expressed within tumors capable of mediating tumor rejection, poses a significant challenge in pancreatic cancer. Here, we introduce an ionic liquid ILvax for localized tumor administration, which elicits a systemic and antigen-specific anti-tumor immune response, thereby generating a vaccine-like effect. Type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) is the determinant for systemic immune response. ILvax ablation facilitates migration of tumor antigen-carrying cDC1 to peripheral lymphoid organs, thus initiating the cDC1-mediated antigen presentation cascade that results in an amplified antigen-specific T cells response. Meanwhile, cDC1-mediated antigen spreading induced by ILvax enabled the expansion of adoptive TCR-T while shifting TCR-T metabolism toward oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Localized tumor administration with ILvax simultaneously enhances the functionality of both endogenous CD8 + T cells and adoptive TCR-T cells, offering a clinically translatable collaborative strategy against pancreatic cancer.
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